Wednesday, September 19, 2012

Eat All Winter - Build a Cold Frame!

Many people think when there is snow and ice all around, there are no green things to eat from the garden. Not true if you build a cold frame! Cold frames are like miniature greenhouses that keep cool weather vegetables alive throughout the winter. They can be as simple or as complicated as you want to build, and design possibilities are endless.

 
                                                  
Cold frames can be used to get an early start on Spring vegetables, or to extend Fall vegetables into the Winter. When temperatures drop very low, most crops stop growing. However, if you have Fall crops already established in a cold frame, then you can harvest off of them all Winter. They keep frost from settling on leafy greens and root vegetables. When temperatures start to warm up again, cold frames add a few degrees, allowing plants to start growing inside the frame when it is still too cold for growth outside the frame. 
Cold frame designs can be as simple as a sealed box with a removable glass or plastic top, and as complicated as a heated, hinged box that props open with a thermostat inside! They can be small, large, even in multiples segments. You can use scrap material you have laying around or found in the dumpster, or you can buy all new materials from the store if you like. Whatever you do, make sure your cold frame faces South - so your crops will get as much sunlight as possible.
     Whichever design you choose, the Tool Library has everything you need for tools - hammers, drills, levels, table saws, circular saws, we even have an air-pressured brad nailer!  Cold frames usually only take a couple hours to build, even the complicated designs.  Eat healthy this Winter!

 









Thursday, September 13, 2012

Improve Your Soil Naturally

Winter cover crops are a great way to improve your soil without using chemical fertilizers.  Cover cropping can be very easy, and your Spring plants will love you for it. This is the time to plant them.  Fertilizers that you buy at the store, even the Organic certified ones, can runoff into the groundwater and add to the phosphorus imbalance in natural streams and waterways that destroy creatures big and small living in the water.  In fact, phosphorus runoff from large farms has been scientifically linked to recent outbreaks of toxic algea blooms across Ohio.

Cover crops are plants that you seed in order to improve your soil.  It is especially important to fix nitrogen to your soil, as vegetable plants have no other way of getting nitrogen (other nutrients they are able to pull from the air, rain, sunlight, etc).  Many cover plants fix nitrogen in the soil, and beautify your garden landscape in the meantime.

What to Plant:

The BEST COVER CROP is a MIXTURE of as many different cover seeds as you can get your hands on.  Below are suggestions, but at least one nitrogen fixing crop is important.

Turnips and Radishes make excellent cover crops. They improve the soil, their flowers are attractive, they provide green color in your garden all winter, and their leaves (and roots) are completely edible!  
                     

Hairy Vetch fixes nitrogen in the soil, is green ALL winter, and produces purple flowers.



Winter Rye provides a healthy green cover to your soil all Winter, flowering in the Spring.


Crimson Clover fixes nitrogen in the soil AND produces a beautiful red flower.  These are some of the first bloomers in the Spring, which honeybees love!


Winter Peas also fix nitrogen, and they can be a wintertime snack if you like peas!


Where to Plant:

Plant cover crops where your Summer crops grew this season, and/or where you will plant your Spring crops next season.  Your soil is likely exhausted of its nutrients from your Summer crops and now needs to be rejuvenated.  Cover cropping will add those nutrients back in preparation for next season, and you won't have to fertilize in the Spring!

You don't really ever want to leave any soil in your garden bare.  Bare soil is an opportunity for weed seeds to germinate at any moment.  Even if you do not cover crop, you should put mulch down on bare soil.

How to Plant:

Whichever method you use, be sure to seed your cover crop as THICK as you can!  The less room between your plants, the less chance of weeds growing through.

The easiest way to plant cover crops is a no-till, no-fuss method.  Simply sprinkle your seed mix as evenly as you can in the area of your garden you want to cover.  Don't do anything else. Your Summer crops will die off as we go into Winter.  They will act as a mulch to keep weeds down that you don't want.  Fall rains will germinate the seeds of your cover crop, and it should come up on its own and provide a good groundcover all winter. 

Some people do not like no-till methods.  Your garden will appear less-well-kept, as it is impossible to keep ALL weeds out. If you use no-till methods you will likely be growing a mixture of plants - both your chosen cover crops and some weeds mixed in. 

If you prefer a spotless-looking garden with no weeds at all, you can plant your cover crops using a tiller and a garden rake.  Once your summer crops have stopped producing, but before freezing temperatures set in, you first till the ground where you summer crops are located.  Second, broadcast your seed mix as evenly as you can.  Third, use a garden rake to rake the seeds into the ground.  Fourth, make sure your seeds get plenty of water (if it isn't raining much) so that they will beat the weed seeds out of the ground.  That's it!

In the Spring

Once danger of frost has passed and you are ready to put your Spring crops in the ground, your Winter cover crops will have done their job.  Prepare your garden as usual.  If you cover crop regularly, you will never need to buy fertilizer again.

Thursday, September 6, 2012

Preserving Your Harvest - No Canning Required

Fall is almost here.  The garden is slowing down.  I personally do not enjoy canning, but luckily preserving some of those last summer fruits is easier than you think - easier than cooking!!  All it takes is time and some counter space...

Fruit Scraps turned into Vinegar



Fruit scaps can be left set out for a few weeks with sugar and a cloth to keep the flies off, and it turns into vinegar! This is one of my favorite ways to use every part of apples, pears, pineapple, and other fruits.  It is so easy.  I use the vinegar for cooking and pickling.  Especially when I have scraps leftover from baking with apples I picked from the tree myself - I don't want ANY of those scraps to go to waste!  Click here:
http://thenourishingcook.com/how-to-make-fruit-scrap-vinegar/



What to do with Green Tomatoes



This website has lots of great ideas for cooking and preserving green tomatoes - roasting, pickling, making chutney: http://www.yougrowgirl.com/2011/10/17/preserving-green-tomatoes/


Easy Pickling

Picture of Quick and Easy Pickles Recipe

Cucumbers are so easy to pickle. Just throw them together with some vinegar and whatever flavorings you like, let them sit in the fridge for a bit, and they are ready to munch:
http://www.foodnetwork.com/recipes/alexandra-guarnaschelli/quick-and-easy-pickles-recipe/index.html


Don't forget the Sauerkraut!



No food preservation would be complete without sauerkraut!  This is the easiest no-worry way to make sauerkraut that I've ever tried.  You just mix cabbage with salt and let it sit around.  The book Wild Fermentation has all kinds of wonderful ideas that don't involve a canner or a refrigerator.  I highly recommend the book:  http://www.wildfermentation.com/making-sauerkraut-2/